"Burlington, Iowa: From Flint Hills to a Railroad Powerhouse"

The History of Burlington, Iowa

Burlington, Iowa, is a city rich with historical significance, located along the Mississippi River in southeastern Iowa. Its history dates back to Native American settlements, but it gained prominence after European settlers arrived in the early 19th century.

Early Native American History

Before European settlers arrived, the land that is now Burlington was inhabited by Native American tribes, notably the Sauk and Meskwaki. These tribes lived along the Mississippi River, taking advantage of the fertile land and abundant resources. The area's original Native American name was "Shoquoquon," meaning "Flint Hills."

Settlement and Early Growth (1830s)

Burlington was officially founded in 1833 after the Black Hawk War when the land was opened up for European-American settlement. It was initially called "Flint Hills" but was renamed Burlington after Burlington, Vermont, in 1834. The city's location on the Mississippi River made it a strategic location for trade and commerce, attracting early settlers and merchants.

In 1837, Burlington became the capital of the Wisconsin Territory before Iowa became a separate territory. The city continued to grow as a major hub for river and rail transportation.

Capital of the Iowa Territory (1838-1841)

When Iowa was designated as its own territory in 1838, Burlington served as the territorial capital for three years before the capital was moved to Iowa City in 1841. During this period, the city saw political and economic growth as it became a center for government and business activity.

Railroad Boom

The arrival of the railroad in the mid-19th century marked a turning point for Burlington. The Burlington and Missouri River Railroad was incorporated in 1852, leading to the development of the city's transportation infrastructure. Burlington became a key railroad hub, linking the eastern U.S. with the western frontier.

The city's railroad industry earned it the nickname "Burlington Route," and it became an essential stop on the Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy Railroad, one of the most important railroads in the nation at the time.

20th Century and Beyond

Burlington continued to thrive throughout the 20th century, although like many Midwestern cities, it faced challenges due to economic changes, especially as railroads declined. However, its historical significance and position on the Mississippi River allowed the city to remain an important regional center.

Today, Burlington is known for its historic architecture, vibrant downtown, and annual events like Snake Alley Criterium, a bicycle race held on what is often called the "crookedest street in the world." The city's historical landmarks, such as the Des Moines County Heritage Center and the Capitol Theater, help preserve its rich history.

Conclusion

From its roots as a Native American settlement to its role as a major transportation hub, Burlington, Iowa, has played a crucial part in the development of the Midwest. Its history is a testament to the importance of location, commerce, and community in the growth of American cities.

Burlington's legacy continues today, blending a proud historical past with modern development, making it a unique city on the banks of the Mississippi River.